Dental Risks and Complications

Dental Risks and Complications

Dental procedures that involve irreversible tooth preparation, surgical intervention, or orthodontic tooth movement carry specific risks. The type and likelihood of complications can vary between individuals. The information below outlines general risks associated with commonly performed dental treatments, including dental implants, All-on-4 / All-on-X implant-supported restorations, dental veneers, crowns and clear aligner orthodontic treatment (such as Invisalign).

This list is not exhaustive. Your dental practitioner will discuss risks, benefits and alternatives specific to your circumstances during a personalised consultation.

Procedures that involve altering tooth structure – such as preparing teeth for veneers or crowns – can lead to temporary or, in some cases, longer-lasting sensitivity to temperature, pressure or certain foods. If sensitivity persists or increases, further evaluation may be required.

Gum Irritation or Inflammation

Gum tissues may become tender or inflamed following treatments such as clear aligner therapy, veneer or crown preparation, or implant-related procedures. Good oral hygiene and adherence to post-treatment instructions support healing. Persistent gum symptoms may require review.

Infection

Procedures involving the gums or bone - including implant placement and All-on-4/All-on-X treatment - carry a risk of infection. Signs may include swelling, pain, discharge or delayed healing. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are important.

Bleeding and Bruising

Surgical procedures such as implant placement may cause temporary bleeding or bruising of the soft tissues. This is typically short-lived, but prolonged or increasing bleeding should be assessed promptly.

Pain or Discomfort

It is common to experience discomfort after procedures such as implant placement, orthodontic adjustments or tooth preparation. Pain varies between individuals. Severe or worsening discomfort may need further assessment.

Damage to Adjacent Teeth or Restorations

Instruments or materials used during preparation or surgery can occasionally affect nearby teeth, fillings or restorations. Additional treatment may be required if this occurs.

Bite Changes or Jaw Discomfort

Procedures that alter the position or shape of teeth – such as clear aligners, veneers, crowns or implant-supported restorations – may contribute to temporary bite changes or jaw muscle fatigue. Adjustments or review may be needed.

Nerve-Related Symptoms

Procedures involving deeper tooth structures, implant surgery or oral surgery may, rarely, irritate or injure nerves. This can lead to temporary or longer-lasting altered sensation such as tingling, numbness or increased sensitivity in the lips, tongue, gums or teeth.

Cracks, Fractures or Restoration Failure

Veneers, crowns and implant-supported restorations can chip, fracture or debond due to functional forces, grinding or trauma. Clear aligner cases may also contribute to unexpected tooth movement or stress. Additional or replacement treatment may be required.

Allergic or Adverse Reactions

Although uncommon, reactions to dental materials, local anaesthetic or medications can occur. Symptoms may include local irritation, swelling or, rarely, more significant reactions.

Implant-Specific Considerations

Implants and All-on-4 / All-on-X procedures carry additional risks, such as:

• peri-implant inflammation
• implant mobility
• delayed or incomplete integration with the bone
• implant failure

Oral hygiene, smoking, and general health may influence outcomes.

Risks Specific to Clear Aligners and Orthodontic Treatment

Orthodontic treatment using aligners may be associated with:

• root resorption (shortening of tooth roots)
• decalcification (white marks on teeth)
• gum irritation
• bite changes
• relapse if retainers are not worn as recommended

Treatment duration varies between individuals.

Risks Specific to Veneers and Crowns

Preparing teeth for veneers or crowns is irreversible and may lead to:

• increased tooth sensitivity
• restoration chipping, fracture or debonding
• the future need for replacement
• the rare need for additional procedures, such as root canal treatment

Anaesthetic-Related Risks

Local anaesthesia is commonly used for many regulated dental procedures. Adverse effects are rare but may include prolonged numbness, allergic reactions or, in very rare cases, complications affecting soft tissues.

General Considerations

Outcomes and experiences vary from person to person.

Many risks can be reduced through appropriate planning and aftercare.

Patients should disclose their full medical history, medications and allergies prior to treatment.

If you notice unexpected symptoms or delayed healing, contact your dental practitioner promptly.